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The printing of images in newspapers remained an isolated occurrence in this period. Photos were used to enhance the text rather than to act as a medium of information in its own right. This began to change with the work of one of the pioneers of photojournalism, [[John Thomson (photographer)|John Thomson]], in the late 1870s.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TvK2mgEACAAJ|title=John Thomson, Photojournalist in Asia, 1862-1872|author=Elliott S. Parker|year=1977}}</ref> In collaboration with the radical journalist Adolphe Smith, he began publishing a monthly magazine, ''Street Life in London'', from 1876 to 1877. The project documented in photographs and text, the lives of the street people of [[London]] and established [[social documentary photography]] as a form of photojournalism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digital.nls.uk/thomson/introduction.html|title=The photographs of John Thomson|publisher=National Library of Scotland}}</ref> Instead of the images acting as a supplement to the text, he pioneered the use of printed photographs as the predominant [[media (communication)|medium for the imparting of information]], successfully combining photography with the [[Print culture|printed word]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ovenden|first=Richard|title=John Thomson (1837-1921) Photographer|year=1997|publisher=National Library of Scotland|location=Edinburgh|isbn=0114958335|page=42}}</ref>
On March 4, 1880, ''[[Daily Graphic|The Daily Graphic]]'' (New York)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume4/14-15.htm |title=Welcome to... / Bienvenue r |publisher=Collections.ic.gc.ca |date=2001-05-01 |accessdate=2011-12-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103145611/http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume4/14-15.htm |archivedate=2011-11-03 |df= }}</ref> published the first [[halftone]] (rather than engraved) reproduction of a news photograph.
[[File:Scene in Geronimo's camp II.png|thumb|"Geronimo's camp before surrender to General Crook, March 27, 1886: Geronimo and Natches mounted; Geronimo's son (Perico) standing at his side holding baby." By [[C. S. Fly]].]]
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[[File:Photojournalists bw.jpg|thumb|Sports photojournalists at [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]]]]
The Golden Age of Photojournalism ended in the 1970s when many photo-magazines ceased publication. They found that they could not compete with other media for advertising revenue to sustain their large circulations and high costs. Still, those magazines taught journalism much about the photographic essay and the power of still images.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.jprof.com/magazines/05goldagephotog.html |title=Magazines and Photojournalism's Golden Age |last=Stovall |first=Jim |year=2005 |publisher=Jprof.com |accessdate=2012-09-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309021921/http://www.jprof.com/magazines/05goldagephotog.html |archivedate=2013-03-09 |df= }}</ref>
However, since the late 1970s, photojournalism and [[documentary photography]] have increasingly been accorded a place in art galleries alongside [[fine art photography]]. [[Luc Delahaye]], [[Manuel Rivera-Ortiz]] and the members of [[VII Photo Agency]] are among many who regularly exhibit in galleries and museums.<ref name="ZoneZero">{{Cite news | last=Malo | first=Alejandro | title=Documentary Art | publisher=ZoneZero | url=http://www.zonezero.com/zz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1157&catid=14 | accessdate=2010-12-05}}</ref>
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==Professional organizations==
The [[Danish Union of Press Photographers]] (Pressefotografforbundet) was the first national organization for newspaper photographers in the world. It was founded in 1912 in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]] by six press photographers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pressefotografforbundet.dk/forbundet/historie.php |title=Historie |
The [[National Press Photographers Association]] (NPPA) was founded in 1946 in the U.S., and has about 10,000 members. Others around the world include the British Press Photographers Association<ref>[http://www.thebppa.com/ thebppa.com]</ref> (BPPA) founded in 1984, then relaunched in 2003, and now has around 450 members. Hong Kong Press Photographers Association (1989), Northern Ireland Press Photographers Association (2000), Pressfotografernas Klubb (Sweden, 1930), and PK — Pressefotografenes Klubb (Norway).<ref>[http://www.thebppa.com/ British Press Photographers Association]; [http://www.hkppa.net/ Hong Kong Press Photographers Association]; [http://www.n-ippa.org/ Northern Ireland Press Photographers Association]; {{Sv icon}} [http://www.pfk.se/ Pressfotografernas Klubb]; {{no icon}} [http://www.fotojournalisten.com/ Fotojournalisten].</ref>
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[[VII Photo Agency]] was founded in September 2001 and got its name from the original seven founders, [[Alexandra Boulat]], [[Ron Haviv]], [[Gary Knight]], [[Antonin Kratochvil]], [[Christopher Morris (photographer)|Christopher Morris]], [[James Nachtwey]] and [[John Stanmeyer]]. Today it has 30 members, along with a mentor program.
News organizations and journalism schools run many different awards for photojournalists. Since 1968, [[Pulitzer Prizes]] have been awarded for the following categories of photojournalism: 'Feature Photography', 'Spot News Photography'. Other awards are World Press Photo, Best of Photojournalism, and Pictures of the Year as well as the UK based The Press Photographer's Year.<ref>[http://www.worldpressphoto.org/ World Press Photo]; [http://bop.nppa.org/ Best of Photojournalism] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722135919/http://bop.nppa.org/ |date=2012-07-22 }}; [http://www.poyi.org/ Pictures of the Year]; [http://www.theppy.com/ The Press Photographer's Year]</ref>
==Ethical and legal considerations==
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There is some concern by news photographers that the profession of photojournalism as it is known today could change to such a degree that it is unrecognizable as image-capturing technology naturally progresses.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/business/media/10photo.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=photojournalism&st=cse "Lament for a Dying Field: Photojournalism," New York Times, August 10, 2009]</ref> Staff photojournalism jobs continue to dwindle in the 2010s and some of the largest news media outlets in the U.S. now rely on freelancers for the majority of their needs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomson|first=T. J.|date=2016-08-12|title=Freelance Photojournalists and Photo Editors|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1215851|journal=Journalism Studies|volume=0|issue=0|pages=1–21|doi=10.1080/1461670X.2016.1215851|issn=1461-670X}}</ref> For example, in 2016, the New York Times employed 52 photo editors and relied on freelancers to provide 50 percent or more of its visuals; The Wall Street Journal employed 24 photo editors and relied on freelancers for 66 percent of its features imagery and 33 percent of its news imagery; The Washington Post employed 19 photo editors and relied on freelancers for 80 percent of its international news imagery, 50 percent of its political news imagery, and between 60 and 80 percent of its national news imagery.
The age of the citizen journalist and the providing of news photos by amateur bystanders have contributed to the art of photojournalism. [[Paul Levinson]] attributes this shift to the [[Kodak]] camera, one of the first cheap and accessible photo technologies that "put a piece of visual reality into every person's potential grasp."<ref>[[Paul Levinson]]. 1997. The Soft Edge: a Natural History and Future of the Information Revolution, Routledge, London and New York, p. 39</ref> The empowered news audience with the advent of the Internet sparked the creation of [[blogs]], [[podcasts]] and online news, independent of the traditional outlets, and "for the first time in our history, the news increasingly is produced by companies outside journalism".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kovach |first1=B. |last2=Rosenstiel |first2=T. |year=2006 |url=http://www.journalism.org/node/72 |title=The Elements of Journalism; What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect |publisher=journalism.org |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002000433/http://www.journalism.org/node/72 |archivedate=2013-10-02 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/when-photojournalists-and-thei/?scp=2&sq=photojournalism&st=cse |title=Gamma's Bankruptcy Shows Shift in Photojournalism |publisher= New York Times |date= August 10, 2009}}</ref> Dan Chung, a former photojournalist for ''[[The Guardian]]'' and [[Reuters]], believes that professional photojournalists will have to adapt to video to make a living.<ref>[[dpreview.com]] [http://www.dpreview.com/articles/9982656990/no-future-in-photojournalism-interview-dan-chung 'No Future in Photojournalism' Interview: Dan Chung] Barney Britton Feb 10, 2012.</ref> Most [[digital single lens reflex]] bodies are being equipped with video capabilities.{{cite-needed|date=February 2017}}
===iPhone journalism===
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* [http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/rcollins/242photojournalism/historyofphotography.html "A Brief History of Photography and Photojournalism], by Ross Collins, North Dakota State University, Fargo
* [http://www.reportage.org/2001/CubaLaBruja/PagesCubaLB/cubalbstrip.html La Bruja, Cuba - an example of photojournalism]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100218130501/http://digitalcustom.com/howto/mediaguidelines.asp An example of ethics guidelines for photo-journalism] by DigitalCustom
* [http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photojournalism/ Photojournalism] article at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] website
* [http://www.thebppa.com/ The British Press Photographers' Association]
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